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| CAS | 0-1mm |
增碳剂
Carburizingagent
分炼钢用增碳剂(中华人民共和国黑色冶金行业标准，YB/T192-2001炼钢用增碳剂)和铸铁用增碳剂，以及其他一些添加材料也有用到增碳剂，譬如刹车片用添加剂，作摩擦材料。增碳剂属于外加炼钢、炼铁增碳原料。***增碳剂是生产***钢材必不可少的辅助添加剂。
Carburizing agents for steelmaking (the ferrous metallurgy industry standard of the People's Republic of China, YB / T192-2001 for steelmaking) and carburizing agents for cast iron, as well as other additives, are also used for carburizing agents, such as brake pads Use additives as friction materials. Carburizing agent belongs to additional steelmaking and ironmaking carbon feedstock. High-quality carburant is an indispensable auxiliary additive for the production of high-quality steel.
增碳剂介绍
Carburant introduction
增碳剂的原料有很多种，生产工艺也各异，有木质碳类，煤质碳类，焦炭类，石墨类等，其中各种分类下又有很多小种类。***增碳剂一般指经过石墨化的增碳剂，在高温条件下，碳原子的排列呈石墨的微观形态，所以称之为石墨化。石墨化可以降低增碳剂中杂质的含量，提高增碳剂的碳含量，降低硫含量。
增碳剂在铸造时使用，可大幅度增加废钢用量，减少生铁用量或不用生铁。电炉熔炼的投料方式，应将增碳剂随废钢等炉料一起往里投放，小剂量的添加可以选择加在铁水表面。但是要避免大批量往铁水里投料，以防止氧化过多而出现增碳效果不明显和铸件碳含量不够的情况。增碳剂的加入量，根据其他原材料的配比和含碳量来定。不同种类的铸铁，根据需要选择不同型号的增碳剂。增碳剂特点本身选择纯净的含碳石墨化物质，降低生铁里过多的杂质，增碳剂选择合适可降低铸件生产成本。
There are many kinds of raw materials for carburizing agents, and the production processes are also different. There are lignin carbon, coal carbon, coke, graphite, etc. There are many small types under various classifications. High-quality carburant generally refers to a graphitized carburant. Under high temperature conditions, the arrangement of carbon atoms is in the microscopic form of graphite, so it is called graphitization. Graphitization can reduce the content of impurities in the recarburizer, increase the carbon content of the recarburizer, and reduce the sulfur content.
Carburizer can be used during casting, which can greatly increase the amount of scrap steel, reduce the amount of pig iron or use no pig iron. The charging method of electric furnace smelting should be to put the recarburizer together with the scrap materials such as scrap steel, and the small dose can be added to the surface of the molten iron. However, large quantities of molten iron should be avoided to prevent excessive oxidation and insufficient carbon increase and insufficient carbon content in the casting. The amount of recarburizer is determined according to the proportion of other raw materials and the carbon content. Different types of cast iron, choose different types of carburizing agents according to needs. The characteristics of the recarburizer itself select pure carbon-containing graphitized substances to reduce excessive impurities in pig iron. The proper choice of recarburizer can reduce the production cost of castings.
增碳剂的使用
Carbon Reagent Use
在冶炼过程中，由于配料或装料不当以及脱碳过量等原因，有时造成钢中碳含量没有达到顶期的要求，这时要向钢液中增碳。常用的增碳剂有增碳生铁、电极粉、石油焦粉、木炭粉和焦炭粉。转炉冶炼中、高碳钢种时，使用含杂质很少的石油焦作为增碳剂。对顶吹转炉炼钢用增碳剂的要求是固定碳要高，灰分、挥发分和硫、磷、氮等杂质含量要低，且干燥、干净、粒度适中。
In the smelting process, due to improper ingredients or charging and excessive decarburization, sometimes the carbon content in the steel does not meet the requirements of the top stage. At this time, carbon must be added to the steel. Commonly used carburizing agents are carburizing pig iron, electrode powder, petroleum coke powder, charcoal powder and coke powder. In the converter smelting of medium and high carbon steel grades, petroleum coke with few impurities is used as a carbon recarburizer. The requirements for the carburizing agent for top-blown converter steelmaking are high fixed carbon, low ash, volatile matter, and sulfur, phosphorus, nitrogen and other impurities, and dry, clean and moderate particle size.
其固定碳组分为:
w(C)>96%，挥发分≤1.0%，w(S)≤0.5%，w(水分)≤0.55%，粒度为1一5mm.
粒度太细容易烧损，太粗加入后浮在钢液表面，不容易被钢水吸收。针对感应电炉的颗粒度在0.2-6mm，其中钢和其他黑色金属颗粒度在1.4-9.5mm，高碳钢要求低氮，颗粒度在0.5-5mm，等等具体需要根据具体的炉型冶炼工件的种类等等细节具体判断和选用。
1.炉内投入法:
增碳剂适于在感应炉中熔炼使用，但依据工艺要求具体使用也不尽相同。
(1)在中频电炉熔炼中使用增碳剂，可按配比或碳当量要求随料加入电炉中下部位，回收率可达95%以上;
(2)如果碳量不足调整碳分时，先打净炉中熔渣，再加增碳剂，通过铁液升温，电磁搅拌或人工搅拌使碳溶解吸收，回收率可在90%左右，如果采用低温增碳工艺，即炉料只熔化一部分，熔化的铁液温度较低的情况下，全部增碳剂一次性加入铁液中，同时用固体炉料将其压入铁液中不让其露出铁液表面。这种方法铁液增碳可达1.0%以上。
2.炉外增碳:
(1)包内喷石墨粉选用石墨粉做增碳剂，吹入量为40kg/t，预期能使铁液含碳量从2%增到3%。随着铁液碳含量逐渐升高，碳量利用率下降，增碳前铁液温度1600℃，增碳后平均为1299℃。喷石墨粉增碳，一般采用氮气做载体，但在工业生产条件下，用压缩空气更方便，而且压缩空气中的氧燃烧产生CO,化学反应热可补偿部分温降，而且CO的还原气氛利于改善增碳效果。
(2)出铁时使用增碳剂
可将100-300目的石墨粉增碳剂放到包内，或从出铁槽随流冲入，出完铁液后充分搅拌，尽可能使碳溶解吸收，碳的回收率在50%左右。
Its fixed carbon component is:
w (C)> 96%, volatile content≤1.0%, w (S) ≤0.5%, w (moisture) ≤0.55%, particle size is 1 to 5mm.
If the particle size is too fine, it is easy to burn, and if it is too coarse, it floats on the surface of molten steel and is not easily absorbed by molten steel. The particle size of induction electric furnace is 0.2-6mm, among which steel and other ferrous metals have a particle size of 1.4-9.5mm, high carbon steel requires low nitrogen, and the particle size is 0.5-5mm. The types and details of the specific judgment and selection.
1.In-furnace input method:
Carburizing agents are suitable for smelting in induction furnaces, but the specific use varies according to process requirements.
(1) The use of carburizing agent in the melting of medium frequency electric furnace can be added to the middle and lower parts of the electric furnace with the material according to the proportion or carbon equivalent requirements, and the recovery rate can reach more than 95%;
(2) If the carbon content is insufficient to adjust the carbon content, first clean up the slag in the furnace, and then add a carburizing agent. The temperature of the molten iron is increased, electromagnetic stirring or manual stirring is used to dissolve and absorb the carbon. The recovery rate can be around 90%. Adopting low temperature carburizing process, that is, only a part of the furnace charge is melted, and when the temperature of the molten molten iron is low, all the carburizing agent is added to the molten iron at one time, and the solid furnace charge is used to press it into the molten iron to prevent it from exposing iron Fluid surface. This method can increase the carbon content of iron by more than 1.0%.
2.Carbon addition outside the furnace:
(1) The graphite powder sprayed in the package uses graphite powder as a carbon recarburizer, and the blow-in volume is 40kg / t, which is expected to increase the carbon content of the molten iron from 2% to 3%. As the carbon content of the molten iron gradually increases, the utilization of the carbon amount decreases. The temperature of the molten iron before carbonization is 1600 ° C, and the average temperature after carbonization is 1299 ° C. Graphite powder is used to increase carbon. Nitrogen is generally used as a carrier, but under industrial production conditions, compressed air is more convenient, and the oxygen in the compressed air is burned to produce CO. The chemical reaction heat can compensate for some temperature drops, and the reducing atmosphere of CO is beneficial to Improve the effect of increasing carbon.
(2) Carburizing agent is used when tapping
100-300 mesh graphite powder recarburizer can be put into the bag, or it can be washed in from the iron tapping tank, and after stirring the molten iron, it can be fully stirred to dissolve and absorb the carbon as much as possible, and the carbon recovery rate is about 50%.
